> [!infobox] <s class="aside-in"><em>mentioned in 36 topics, 13 evergreens, 11 sources</em></s> #### <s class="topic-title">[[philosophy]]</s> > [!wikipedia] [philosophy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy) > > Philosophy (from Greek: φιλοσοφία, philosophia, 'love of wisdom') is the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about [[existence]], [[reason]], [[knowledge]], values, [[mind]], and [[language]]. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. > > Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation. > Historically, philosophy encompassed all bodies of knowledge and a practitioner was known as a philosopher. From the time of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle to the 19th century, "natural philosophy" encompassed [[astronomy]], [[medicine]], and [[physics]]. For example, Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics. In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize. Since then, various areas of investigation that were traditionally part of philosophy have become separate academic disciplines, and namely the social sciences such as [[psychology]], [[sociology]], [[linguistics]], and [[economics]]. > > Today, major subfields of academic philosophy include [[metaphysics]], which is concerned with the fundamental nature of existence and reality; [[epistemology]], which studies the nature of [[knowledge]] and [[belief]]; [[ethics]], which is concerned with moral value; and [[logic]], which studies the rules of inference that allow one to derive conclusions from true premises. Other notable subfields include philosophy of science, political philosophy, aesthetics, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. > **See**:: #### Related - [[Do we have free will]] - [[Humans are addicted to believing]] - [[My worldview is not about conversion it is about acceptance]] - [[Strong enough logic becomes belief]] - [[The three main questions of life]] - [[Use philosophies as far they are useful and nothing more]] - [[What constitutes a decision]] - [[What is the origin of life]] - [[Where does intrinsic value come from]] - [[Why I don't believe in simulation theory]] - [[Yoga is a wholistic philosophy of self-improvement]]